chonzskypedia

Municipal Seal of Tagaytay

Shakey's Chicken 'n' Mojos, well the actual serving is very differenet from their poster, the chicken and mojos are salty but yummy.

Shakey's Calikani Pizza where East meets West seafood pizza loaded with yummy Kani, Nori strips, fish roe, peaches, and roasted sesame dressing. The first slice is very yummy and tasty for adults, but for kids 10 years old it taste kind of a different and they don't like it. For adults, you will enjoy your first 2 slices.

General Mariano Alvarez HOTLINE Numbers: Fire: (046) 890-2683

Carmona  HOTLINE  Numbers: Fire: (046) 430-1666

Official Seal of Municipality of Ternate, Cavite

Official Seal of Municipality of Mendez, Cavite

Official Seal of Municipality of General Trias, Cavite

Official Seal of Municipality of Maragondon Cavite

  Remember that we often work with a specific set of objects when solving problems or discussing issues. We called this set of objects a  universal set  or  universe.  For example, in the lead-in problem above, the universal set could be either the set of all U. S. dollars or the set of the $836 Sam originally had in the checking account.    Complement of a Set:  The  complement  of a set, denoted  A ' , is the set of all elements in the given universal set  U  that are not in  A .   In set- builder notation,   A '  = { x  ∈   U  :  x   ∉   A }. The Venn diagram for the complement of set  A  is shown below where the shaded region represents  A ' .                                    Example:  For the lead-in example on the previous page, let the universal set  U   be the $836 Sam originally has in the checking account and let  A  be the set of the $429 of the check. The complement of set  A  would be the set of the $407 remaining in the checking account.   Exa

What is a Lucifer? “Lucifer”  is a slang name for a match, made usually of a splint of wood tipped with an inflammable substance which ignites when the match is struck on a prepared surface. The word comes from Latin and means “light-bringing”. It has been used in poetry as a name for the morning star, the planet Venus, when it spears in the sky before sunrise. It is also found in the Bible, where the fall of the King of Babylon is described in these words: “How art thou fallen from Heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning.” Early members of the Christian Church interpreted the words of Jesus – “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven” – as a reference to this passage in Isaiah. So Lucifer came to be regarded as the name of Satan before his fall. John Milton (1608-1674), in his poem  Paradise Lost , gave the angel whose overweening pride made him seek to dethrone God Himself – a sin perpetuated in the phrase “As proud as Lucifer”.

When was the first steamboat built? The first boat ever to be moved by steam power was designed by a Frenchman Jacques Périer and tested on the Seine in Paris in 1775. But the first really successful steamboat was built by Périer’s fellow countryman, the Marquis Claude de Jouffroy d’ Abbans. His craft which was 141 feet long and equipped with straight-paddled sidewheels travelled several hundred yards against the current on the Sa Ô ne at Lyons on July 25, 1783. Among early American pioneers was James Rumsey who in 1786 drove a boat at four miles an hour on the Potomac River, propelled by a jet of water pumped out at the stern. Between 1786 and 1790 John Fitch experimented in the Delaware River at Philadelphia with different methods of propulsion, including paddle wheels, a screw propeller and steam-driven oars. The first to apply successfully the principle of steam to screw propellers was John Stevens whose boat, equipped with two propellers, crossed the Hudson River in 1

Where is the Bridge of Sighs? The Bridge of Sighs ( Ponte dei Sospiri ) is in Venice  and connects the east side of the Doge’s  Palace with the old state prisons, crossing the Rio di Palazzo. Its name  symbolizes the sadness of the prisoners crossing the bridge.  The Doge’s Palace was begun early in the 14 th  Century and took several centuries to complete. The Bridge was not built until the 17 th  Century. It became the path by which prisoners crossed to the  “pozzi” , the prisons on the other side of the canal. The Bridge of Sighs is one of nearly 400 bridges over some 150 canals which make up the thoroughfares of Venice, a city built on wooden piles driven into the mud of the lagoon. The city became known as the “Mistress of the Adriatic” from the custom carried out each year by the city’s rulers, from the 12 th  to the 18 th  Century, of throwing a wedding ring into the Adriatic in token of their claim to dominion over that sea. Lord Byron’s famous reference to the Bridg

Where is the quarter-deck of a ship? The quarter-deck, as its name implies, is only part of a deck. In a sailing vessel it is that portion of the upper deck between the main-mast and the stern or back of the ship. The upper deck is the highest complete deck having all openings fitted with permanent means for closure against sea and weather. In naval vessels the quarter-deck is that most glamorous part of the ship, an area of the weather deck – highest continuous deck exposed to the weather – reserved for the officers of the ship. Ships’ decks serve the same purpose as floors and roofs in a building. They provide living and working surfaces, add strength to the structure of a ship and form a cover to keep bad weather out. Decks may be given numbers or letters to distinguish them from each other, but those which serve a definite purpose have their own distinctive names. In the British Navy officers are allowed to drink the loyal toast seated since in the old days the dec

When did a nuclear submarine make its first passage under the North Pole? The first voyage under the North Pole was made from August 1 to August 5, 1958, by the United States submarine Nautilus. She crossed from Point Barrow, Alaska to the Greenland Sea, travelling 1,830 miles under the polar ice cap and passing the geographic North Pole on August 3. Nautilus could maintain submerged speeds of over 20 knots almost indefinitely. She was designed to run on direct water  heat from an atomic pile. The crew were shielded so well from the pile that in a year’s cruise they received less radiation than that set by the American Bureau of Standards as permissible for a single week. Nuclear submarines are equipped with alternative electrical power for use should the reactor fail.

What is a billabong? A billabong is a small island created by a river, usually in a particularly marshy area. This happens when a river, meandering along its course, curves so much that it turns round completely, thus flowing into itself. The land encircled by the river is known as a billabong. The name originates from the Billabong River in the New South Wales, Australia. The river has its source in the foothills west of Canberra and flows into the Murray River. The billabong immortalized in the song  Waltzing Matilda  has come to represent Australian independence and self-reliance, two qualities that have been evident since the earliest settlers.

What is the America’s Cup? The America’s Cup is a gold cup offered originally by the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1851 for a 53-mile race round the isle of Wight, off the south coast of England. The winner was the United States schooner America. In 1857 the syndicate that had built the America gave the sup (thereafter known as the America’s Cup) to the New York Yacht Club. Which then offered the cup to all challengers. Subsequent races have been sailed off the American coast. The N.Y.Y.C. offer to all still stands, but the British, Canadian and Australian challengers have never succeeded in any of the 22 contests. The races have exerted great influence on yachting progress, the large sums spent on America’s Cup yachts having raised the science and art of design to a high level of refinement.

What is a guerrilla? A guerrilla is a member of an independent body of fighters carrying on irregular warfare against authority.  This usually involved fighting on a small scale against units of nation armies. Guerillas often use unconventional weapons and equipment, and are extremely mobile. Psychological warfare is also part of their system fighting. “Guerilla” is a Spanish word meaning “little war”. The word came into use during the Duke of Wellington’s campaigns when the Spanish-Portugese irregulars or guerilleros helped drive the French from the Iberian peninsula. Lawrence of Arabia, who made great use of guerrillas against Turks in the first World War. Che Guevarra of Cuba also made his name as a guerrilla.

What is the Koran? The Koran is the sacred book on which is founded the religion of the Mohammedans, the followers of the Prophet Mohammed (about A.D. 570-632). The name comes from the Arabic  qu’ran  meaning “that should be read”. It is used in public worship and is the chief textbook in Mohammedan schools. Upon the Koran are based the Mohammedan laws and way of life. This sacred book is the word of Allah (God) revealed in a vision to Mohammed by the Archangel Gabriel. Mohammed, who could not write, dictated Gabriel’s words to his friends. There were written on dried palm leaves, bits of leather, whitened shoulder-blades of sheep or whatever was to hand. Soon after the prophet’s death, Caliph Abu Bakr (573-634 A.D.) called a conference of those who had heard Mohammed, and ordered the writing of an authentic Koran. All variations on it were destroyed. Because of this, and because of the phenomenal verbal memory Arabs are known to possess, it is almost certain that the Koran is

What is an element? The English chemist Robert Boyle (1627-1691) defined an element as a substance which cannot be broken down into other simpler substances. It is know that there are about 100 such basic substances. They include iron, gold, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, mercury and radium. Some have been made artificially. Thus sugar is not an element because it can be broken down into oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. Salt is a mixture of sodium and chlorine. Air includes nitrogen, oxygen and other gases, and water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. Elements are each given a recognition symbol for use in chemical formulae and equations. Iron has Fe, gold Au, carbon C, Oxygen O, mercury Hg, radium Ra, and plutonium Pu.

What is an Instrument Landing System? An Instrument Landing System is used by a pilot in bad weather to bring down an aircraft in perfect line with an airport’s runway. Two radio beams are sent out by a ground transmitter. The “localizer” is a narrow, upright beam which positions the aircraft in line with the runway. The “glide path” is a thin, flat beam which gives the aircraft a perfectly angled approach path to the end of the runway. In the case of large, busy airports such as London’s Heathrow, a pilot is in close contact with Air Traffic Control on his approach to the airport for, at peak periods, aircraft can be landing at 45 second intervals. The ground control operator tells him to “lock on”, a phrase used to tell the pilot to switch on his Instrument Landing System. The pilot informs Control that he is “established”, which means that he has locked on to the two radio beams and is keeping them crossed. The point at which the beams intersect is the spot on the runwa

Where would you look for a needle beam? This has nothing to do with needles and nothing to do with light. A needle beam is a term used by builders and architects to describe the supports used when the foundations of a wall or a column need attention. If a wall needs underpinning to enable the foundations to be strengthened, steel needle beamsare inserted through slots cut into the wall a foot or so from the bottom. The ends of the beams are supported by screw jacks which can be moved along the beams according to the extent of the foundation area needing attention. Once work has been done and the foundations have been restored, the needle beams are removed and the holes in the wall filled. When a needle beam is so called because it is “Threaded” through the wall it has to support.

When does an electric "short" happen? An electric short or short circuit can occur when two wires which are supposed to be separate come in contact, perhaps through loose connections in a socket or worn out insulation. A screwdriver inserted into a socket can also cause a short circuit and severe injury to the person holding it. Ordinarily the circuit followed by an electric current forces it to overcome certain resistances by generating energy which heats an electric toaster or lights an electric lamp. Bit when the two sides of an electric circuit are accidentally connected by a path which cuts out resistance, a short circuit occurs, because electric current always flow through the path of least resistance. When this happens the current flow becomes so high that it melts the piece of wire or fuse inserted in the circuit as a safety measure and so cuts off the voltage. Damage to an appliance is thereby avoided, for, if the excess current continued to flow, it would caus

What is a bathysphere? “Bathos” is Greek for “deep”. A bathysphere means a “sphere of the deep”. The first bathysphere was built by an American, William Beebe, and made its first descent into the unknown ocean darkness in 1930. It reached a depth of about 1,300 feet. Beebe’s bathysphere was held by a cable. Free descents were first made by Auguste Picard in  a bathyscaphe. “Scaphos” means “ship” in Greek. Now special submarines, able to cruise at great depth, are used for specific oceanographic tasks in many parts of the world.

Where does the sun go in a total eclipse? An eclipse of the sun occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the earth, thus blocking from view either the whole of the sun or part of it. A total eclipse begins when the moon starts to move across the western side of the sun travelling towards the east.  When the sun is completely covered, the beautiful halo of light surrounding it, called the corona, can be seen. This is the ring of burning gases which envelopes the main body of the sun. It is dangerous to look directly at an eclipse, since the sun’s rays can burn the eyes badly. Since the moon is far smaller than the earth it cannot block all of the earth from the sun at the same time. The moon as it sweeps across the surface of the earth blots out the sun rays only for those parts of the world in the moon’s shadow. The longest a total eclipse can last in one place on earth is seven and a half minutes. The last total eclipse of the sun occurred on June 30, 1973 and

Where does paper come from? A sheet of paper consists of vegetable fibres of different sizes, twisted and interwined with each other and finally squeezed together to make a sheet with a surface smooth enough to write or print on. Originally it was discovered tat if a mixture of wood pulp and water was spread on a sieve, the water would drain away and leave a deposit which, when dry, could be peeled off as a sheet of paper. Although the Chinese had been using paper sing A.D. 105 it was not introduced into Europe until the 15 th Century. The raw materials used for modern hand-made paper are cotton and linen rags. Such paper is very expensive to produce. Machine-made paper is processed in paper mills from esparto grass, wood and straw, and is much cheaper. The materials for both types of paper-making have to be put though the same basic procedure of repeated washing and bleaching to get rid of impurities.

Why is DDT dangerous? After extensive use as a pesticide, DDT was found to have many harmful after-effects on human beings and animals. The control of insects was revolutionized  by the induction of DDT after the Second World War. It was employed to combat a wide range of insects which attacked food crops and was also instrumental in bringing the world malaria problem under control. But by the 1960s it was found that DDT affected the metabolism of many birds so much that their eggs became too fragile to survive. As a result many species have nearly become instinct. Several kinds of fish have also been seriously affected. Large numbers of insects which served as food for both fish and birds have been destroyed. The effects of DDT on food for human consumption have been extremely serious. Food becomes poisonous if the amount of DDT in it exceeds a certain limit. However, such pesticides are now heavily restricted by most governments.

Why do pipes sometimes burst in winter? Cold water pipes may burst in winter when the outside temperature falls below 0° Centigrade (32° Fahrenheit) and the water turns to ice. The pipe’s walls crack to relieve the pressure caused by the fact that ice requires nearly one-tenth more space than the water. One cubic foot of water makes 1.09 cubic feet of ice. To prevent a freeze-up, a heat insulator is wrapped round pipes. Water has very unusual properties. Apart from expanding when frozen, it requires more heat to warm it than any other common substance. In other words it has a high specific heat. In nature there are some obvious advantages in these peculiarities. The expansion of ice causes the breaking up of clods of water-filled soil on cold winter nights to leave a fine tilth admirably suited to spring sowing. Water’s high specific heat means that the sea takes longer to warm up than the land and longer to cool down. Thus the sea acts to prevent extreme changes in temperatur

Why is a screw so strong? The screw provides a means of converting a small force into a large one. Once in use, it allows pressure to be applied from different directions. These factors give the screw its relative strength as compared with a nail of the same size. In the first case, the force applied to a screw is like the smaller force necessary to lift an object up an inclined plane rather than straight up. In a screw a form of inclined plane is provided by the spiral groove, called a thread, which is cut round the shaft. By contrast the force applied to a nail can be compared with lifting an object straight up. If it were possible to unwind an inch-long screw, you would find that it was longer than an inch-long nail. In the second case, the holding power of a screw, or nail in a piece of wood depends on the pressure exerted on its shank by wood fibres. A screw creates a far stronger grip because it presents a much greater surface area to the pressure of the wood.

Why can we see through glass? We can see through glass because it allows the light rays to pass through. Glass is a hard, brittle material made by fusing silica with the oxides of silicate of such metals as sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium. The product is cooled rapidly to prevent the formation of any crystalline material which would interfere with the passage of light. The melting point of glass is about 800-950° Centigrade (1,472° Fahrenheit). In fact, light does not travel straight through glass but it bent or refracted. The light is bent twice, first when it enters the glass and then back to its original direction, when it comes out at the other side. Every transparent material bends light, but the amount (described by a number called index of refraction) varies with the density of material, the greater is the amount of bending and the higher the index. The speed of light also varies as it enters another material becoming slower as the density of the material incre

Why do road vehicles have pneumatic tyres? Pneumatic tyres help to cushion the vehicle against bumps, ruts and other inequalities in the road surface. This levelling effect of the tyre is achieved because of the compressed air which is inside the rubber casing. Until about 1900 all road vehicles were fitted. These were very unsatisfactory. When a tyre struck an obstacle on the road surface the shock often damage the vehicles mechanism permanently. In any case the effect was most uncomfortable for the passengers, and the roads then had holes and potmarks, which made driving over them dangerous. The adaptability of pneumatic tyres gives them a firmer grip on the road and enables the driver to steer, change speed and go around corners more safely.

When was the gyroscope invented? The first gyroscope was made in about 1810 by a German, G.C. Bohnenberger. But the name was the idea of a French physicist, Leon Foucault, in 1852, when he used the device to demonstrate the rotation of the earth. It comes from two Greek words  gyros , meaning “ turn ” or “ revolution ”, and  skopein , meaning “ to view ”. Therefore v means to view the turning. This instrument is based on the principle of a spinning top which remains upright in resistance to the force of gravitation as long as it keeps revolving. In a gyroscope a wheel is mounted in such a manner that it is free to revolve round any axis.  When rotating the wheel gives this framework the same tendency to remain at the angle at which it is placed as a top has when it is spinning alone. Any spinning object resists attempts to change the direction of its axis, the imaginary straight line round which it resolved. Thus you can move a gyroscope up, down, forwards, sideways or bac

When were the first scientific discoveries? Science began with the wish of some prehistoric man to find out about the workings of the world about him. But the first recorded scientific discoveries are those of the ancient Babylonians who observed the positions of the sun, moon, and planets. The ancient Egyptians invented simple arithmetic and geometry around 4,000 B.C. and acquired a considerable knowledge of engineering, medicine and anatomy. From about 600 B.C. the Greeks made great progress in philosophy and geometry, where intellectual effort only was required. But they achieved little advance in practical science, except for the discoveries of Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who founded the study of biology Archimedes (287-212 B.C.) discovered many simple principles of physics and Ptolemy (about A.D. 140) made advances in astronomy. Under Rome progress slowed down. Then the barbarians overran Europe and for almost 1,000 years – from 300-1100 – science was kept alive first i

Where were rockets invented? The rocket as far as can be established, was invented by the Chinese during the 12 th  and 13 th  Century. The Chinese used their rockets as fireworks to mark special celebrations. A rocket has no moving parts. It is fuel-filled container with a hole at one end where the exhaust or gases escapes with such force that they propel the rocket in the direction in which it is pointed. Rockets were used as weapons in the East until the 18 th  Century. Sir William Congreve added improvements in his artillery rocket, which was used in the American War of Independence and in the Napoleonic Wars. Rockets fell out of use in the 19 th  Century but were revived in the First World War. Their peaceful use as line-carriers in sea recues and as distress signals is well known. They are also used to deliver mail and to aid aeroplane take-off. There are two categories of rocket fuel: liquid and solid. Also, rockets which are used outside the earth’s atmosphere

Where does a heavy man weigh nothing? This happens whenever the pull of gravity of the “G” factor is overcome. It can occur when an aircraft is put into a sleep drive. Astronauts experience this “weightlessness” in space. So that they can  get used to its effects  before leaving the earth’s atmosphere, special machines have been built in an attempt to create the same conditions. Astronauts also train for space weightlessness in large water tanks. It is essential that an astronaut should get used to the feeling of weightlessness which occurs when earth’s gravity is no longer effective. For instance, he cannot pour liquid into a cup or drink from it. With enough practice, however, he can learn to move about, eat, drink and sleep without difficulty. When an astronaut goes outside his vehicle in space, there is some gravitational pull between him and his cabin. But owing to the small mass of both, the attraction between them is negligible. It is far too small to bring him

Where does sound go? The simple answer, of course, is that the sounds you hear go into your brain by way of your ears. But what is sound? When you are listening to pop music, you are the receiving end of sounds. But what is going on at the sending end? The players are making vibrations on their instruments and sending sound waves through the air to you. The point to remember is that sound waves  must have something to carry them. Usually this is air, but it can also be water or the earth under your feet, both of which are better sound wave conductors than air. The Indians of North America used to put their ears to the ground to hear the sound of their enemies’ horses, when the air gave them no warning. But in a vacuum no sound can be heard. The loudest pop music, if it could be played in a vacuum, would make no noise. The question “Where does sound go?” can be put another way – “When does sound stop?”. The answer to this one is that sound stops when the vibrations send

What is a detergent? A detergent is a substance which has the power to cleanse. This description applies to soap, as well as to soapless shampoos and washing powders. A detergent must have surface activating properties, which means it must be able to break down the surface tension of water. In the process of cleaning the detergent acts as a bridge between the solid matter and the water. Soap molecules are shaped like tadpoles. The head is soluble , but the rod-like body is composed of an insoluble fatty substance. When mixed with water part of the soap tries to get away and the rest stays, thus breaking down the water’s surface tension. There is not sufficient room for all the soap molecules on the surface of the water. So they form bundles with the water-resisting rods on the inside. The dirts attracts the fatty part of the soap molecules which lift and surround it, while the soluble part of the molecule lifts and rinses the dirt away. There are some stains which respond

Why do fire extinguishers stop flames? Fire extinguishers stop flames either by dousing them in water or by excluding the oxygen which a fire needs in order to burn. There are three main kinds of fires. First are those occurring on ordinary materials like paper and wood for which the quenching and cooling effects of water or water solutions are the most effective. Second come those involving inflammable liquids or greases for which a blanketing or smothering effect is essential. Finally there are the fires occurring in “live” electrical equipment where a special extinguishing agent must be used. The most common extinguisher for the first type of fire is a bucket of water, or a manufactured extinguisher with water containing a chemical. The chemical reaction expels the water which puts out the fire. For the second kind of fire the most common method is to use a chemical extinguisher to spray the burning material with foam which puts out fire by excluding oxygen. This fo

Why do lunar modules need a blast-off platform? A lunar module needs a blast-off platform because it is propelled by a rocket engine.This engine carries is own fuel and oxidizer and can, therefore, operate at great heights where little or no air is present. It can thus be used on the moon’s surface where there is no air. Very hot gases are expelled from the rear of a rocket. The engine depends for its operation on the upward thrust (on the rocket and the load carried) being equal and opposite to the downward thrust (of the burnt gases). That is why a blast-off platform is needed.

Why is it dangerous to take electrical appliances into a bathroom? It dangerous to take electrical appliances into a bathroom or indeed anywhere that there is lot of moisture, because water is such an excellent conductor of electricity. A person could receive an extremely severe, if not fatal, electric shock if the appliance fell into the bathwater. There are two kinds of electricity. One is static electricity which remains stationary in an object. The other is current electricity which flows, as in a wire. An electric current is formed by the movements of electrons. It is possible to transfer electrons from one thing to another by rubbing them together. One object is given a positive charge, and the other a negative charge of electricity. Objects with like charges repel each other while those with unlike charges attract each other. Some things lose their charge at once. Others retain it for a long time. Substances which do not retain an electrical charge are called conduc

What is a theodolite used for? A theodolite is a surveying instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. To measure long distances we use a system known as triangulation – we can use it, for instance, if we want to know the distance to the moon. Astronomers measure the angle of the moon above the horizon at two places on the earth’s surface – as far apart as possible and at the same moment. This gives them a triangle and a base line (the distance between the two observations). Since they have measured two angles of the triangle, they know the third, because the three angles of a triangle always add up to 180°. They therefore have enough information to find the distance between the apex (moon) and the base line (earth). The same system is used in surveying and map-making, but the surveyor’s base line is, of course, much shorter; In fact, both ends of the base line must be within sight of one another and of the next point to be observed. The theodolite is th

  What is photomicrography? Photomicrography is the art of photography through the microscope. It is important in chemistry, biology, geology and medicine. Most photomicrography is done by using a compound microscope with a camera arranged opposite the eyepiece so that the image can be focused on a film or plate. For detailed photographs, an electron microscope is used. The advantage of photography in science is that we are able to record visible images in black and white or in color. These images make quite permanent records which can be examined and studied at leisure when the original subjects may no longer be available. Photomicrography extends the range of our vision, allowing photographs to be of things the eye cannot see because they are too faint or too small. Carbon are lamps and incandescent tungsten filament lamps are normally used for illumination but, for special purposes, flash bulbs, electronic discharge lamps and sodium lamps are used. Contrast is o

When was the hydrofoil invented? The hydrofoil, a boat supported clear of the water by underwater wings called hydrofoils, was invented by an Italian, Forlanini, in 1898. In 1918 a hydrofoil, powered by an aircraft engine, gained the world’s water speed record. The commercial hydrofoils now used on Europe are based on the work of German engineers who carried out research of high-power, lightweight engines. In early 1950s hydrofoils were developed in the United States, Canada and Russia using high-powered gas turbines. They are used for both military and commercial purposes. Since water is 775 times heavier than air, very small hydrofoil wings will support relatively heavy boats. But, since operating in water puts great loads on boats, the hulls are usually built of high-strength steel. The object in raising the hull of the hydrofoil from the water is to avoid the resistance caused by friction and drag. This means the power needed to drive the boat at high speeds is cut